‘If the concept of ideology is the classic one in which the illusion is located in knowledge’, he argues, then today’s society must appear post-ideological: the prevailing ideology is that of cynicism people no longer believe in ideological truth they do not take ideological propositions seriously. It is impossible to conceive of fascism or Stalinism without propaganda – but capitalism can proceed perfectly well, in some ways better, without anyone making a case for it. The role of capitalist ideology is not to make an explicit case for something in the way that propaganda does, but to conceal the fact that the operations of capital do not depend on any sort of subjectively assumed belief. A film like Wall-E exemplifies what Robert Pfaller has called ‘interpassivity’: the film performs our anti-capitalism for us, allowing us to continue to consume with impunity. But this kind of irony feeds rather than challenges capitalist realism. It seems that the cinema audience is itself the object of this satire, which prompted some right wing observers to recoil in disgust, condemning Disney/Pixar for attacking its own audience. What we have here is a vision of control and communication much as Jean Baudrillard understood it, in which subjugation no longer takes the form of a subordination to an extrinsic spectacle, but rather invites us to interact and participate. We’re left in no doubt that consumer capitalism and corporations – or rather one mega-corporation, Buy n Large – is responsible for this depredation and when we see eventually see the human beings in offworld exile, they are infantile and obese, interacting via screen interfaces, carried around in large motorized chairs, and supping indeterminate slop from cups. The film shows an earth so despoiled that human beings are no longer capable of inhabiting it.

Far from undermining capitalist realism, this gestural anti-capitalism actually reinforces it. Time after time, the villain in Hollywood films will turn out to be the ‘evil corporation’. After all, and as Žižek has provocatively pointed out, anti-capitalism is widely disseminated in capitalism. In fact, capitalist realism is very far from precluding a certain anti-capitalism. In the cases of gangster rap and Ellroy, capitalist realism takes the form of a kind of super-identification with capital at its most pitilessly predatory, but this need not be the case. What if you held a protest and everyone came?

Mark fisher's capitalist realism